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Jo`eTopori{i~ UDK811.163.6'34-112: Ljubljana 811.163.6(091):929TrubarP. 1 KAKOZAPISOVATIGLASOVJEKNJI@NESLOVEN[^INE Sloven{~ina se je po naselitvi na{ih prednikov {e zlasti mo~no razgrajevala nare~no. Ko je sredi 16. stol. postala tudi knji`na, so se slovenske glavne nare~ne skupine `e zelo uveljavile: po Ramov{u je teh skupin sedem. Vsaka teh nare~nih skupin nastale sloven{~ine je imela poleg splo{nih zna~il- nosti vseh nare~ij tudi svoje zna~ilnosti. Naloga osrednjega, kranjskega, knji`nega jezika je bila pri- dobiti na svojo stran ~im ve~ pripadnikov sloven{~ine. Slovenci smo z redkimi izjemami sprejeli za knji`ni jezik pisavo latinico s po mo`nosti glasovno vrednostjo ~rk, kot so jo imele v latin{~ini. V glasovjusejepostopomauveljavilosemmestnivokalizem,kakorjebilzna~ilenzlastizagorenj{~ino, konzonantizem se je bolj uveljavljal dolenjski, oblikoslovje se je uravnalo tudi {e po koro{~ini in {tajer{~ini, besedje pa po kranj{~ini, deloma re{eni pretiranega germaniziranja, otresel pa se je knji`ni jezik tudi misli na vseslovan{~ino. Naglasno je ostajal tonemsko-jakostni, drugi je bil la`ji in zaljudstvosprejemljivej{i.Kon~nojeknji`nasloven{~inapostaladr`avnijezikRepublikeSlovenije. Trubar, zgodovina jezika, fonologija, samoglasniki, zvo~niki, nezvo~niki th Following settlement by our ancestors, Slovene divided strongly into dialects. When in the 16 century it also became a standard language, the main dialect groups had already become well established: according to Ramov{, there are seven of these. All of them, in addition to the general characteristics of all dialects, had their own specific features. The role of the central, Carniolan standard dialect was to win as many adherents as possible to Slovene. With a few exceptions, Slovenes accepted that the standard language should be written in the Latin alphabet with, where possible, the letters having the phonetic value they had in Latin. With regard to pronunciation, the eight vowelsystemthatwascharacteristicparticularlyoftheUpperCarniolandialectgraduallycame to be accepted, while the consonants owed more to Lower Carniolan; the morphology leant also on the Carinthian and Styrian dialects, while the vocabulary was Carniolan, partly saved from excessive Germanisation, but with the standard language also being affected by pan-Slavism. In retained dynamic stress, which was easier and more acceptable to its speakers. Ultimately, standard Slovene becametheofficial language of the Republic of Slovenia. Trubar, history of language, phonology, vowels, voiced consonants, voiceless consonants Za~etnik slovenskega knji`nega jezika in torej tudi njegove pisave je Primo` Trubar. Pred tem je dobro poznal vsaj dve pisavi, nem{ko in latinsko. Glede samo- glasnikov je torej vzel za osnovo kar latinskih pet enoglasnikov, tj. i, e, a, o, u.Iz 1Besedilo je bilo pripravljeno z vna{alnim sistemom ZRCola (http://ZRCola.zrc-sazu.si), ki ga je na Znanstvenoraziskovalnem centru SAZU v Ljubljani (http://www.zrc-sazu.si) razvil dr. Peter Weiss. OBDOBJA27 451